Color blindness

Color blindness is a disorder of color perception, in which people do not perceive colors in the same way as those with normal vision. It can be either stable (congenital) or progressive (acquired).

What causes color blindness?

Congenital color blindness is usually genetic, affects both eyes equally, and remains stable over time.
Acquired color blindness may affect only one eye and can be caused by conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuritis, or other eye diseases.

What are the symptoms of color blindness?

In congenital forms, the most common problem is red-green color deficiency, with patients perceiving colors based more on differences in brightness.
In acquired forms, blue-yellow perception is affected. For example, patients who undergo cataract surgery often report with enthusiasm that they now see colors (like lemons) much brighter and more vivid, because cataracts had previously made them appear faded.
People with congenital color blindness often compensate by better distinguishing shapes and contours, and they generally have superior night vision compared to individuals with normal color perception.

An essential element of any surgical procedure, especially cosmetic surgery, is providing the patient with sufficient time for information.

How common is hereditary color blindness?

Hereditary color blindness is much more common than acquired forms. It affects around 8% of men and only 0.4% of women. This type is linked to the X chromosome and, in almost all cases, is passed from mother to son.

Types of color blindness

Partial (color vision deficiency): affects perception of specific colors.
Complete color blindness (achromatopsia): extremely rare, affects all colors, and is often associated with other serious eye conditions.

Why is color blindness important?

Congenital color blindness affects a large part of the male population – it is mainly men (8% of the male population) and less women (0.4% of the female population), and there is heredity.

The importance of color blindness and especially of the most severe form of color vision disorder, which is color blindness, can exclude these people from certain professions such as pilots, military, professional drivers, etc.

Why choose Dr. Trakos?

Dr. Trakos’ contribution to the field of anterior segment and cataract surgery, as well as to the treatment of vision problems, has changed the lives of many people by improving their sight and quality of life.

How is color blindness diagnosed?

The condition is diagnosed using Ishihara color test plates. Each plate contains a number formed by colored dots, which patients must identify under good lighting. Once color blindness is confirmed, further specialized tests can provide more detail on the type and severity of the disorder.

Can color blindness be treated?

Can color blindness be treated?
Contrary to the common belief that it cannot be treated, there are ways to help patients manage color vision deficiencies. According to Dr. Nikolaos Trakos:

Early diagnosis in school-aged children is crucial, since much of the learning material is based on color. With proper awareness, teachers and parents can help prevent learning difficulties.
Patients should avoid tasks that rely on distinguishing red and green signals (e.g., handling machinery, buttons, or medications with color coding).
Practical strategies, such as labeling clothes or arranging objects by position, can greatly help in daily life. For example, even if a person cannot recognize the red light in a traffic signal, they can still know it is always positioned at the top.

Treatment options
Dr. Nikolaos Trakos applies specialized treatments using glasses or contact lenses with special filters. These filters allow patients to distinguish a wider range of colors, improving their ability to perceive the world more vividly and enhancing their quality of life with greater optimism and independence.